CR23]\] but, in the context of nanotheranostics, preventing the direct escaping of the GNPs from the plasma is more interesting. Specifically, a simple calculation of the average radius of gyration of a GNS will show that there should be no free GNPs in the animal's bloodstream after intravenous injection. Similar calculations can be performed for ex vivo preparations, which support similar results. An analogy may be made with other nanoparticles, such as polymer-coated gold 50e0806aeb lathary